Professors of education tend to identify the
purpose of education as the development of student “critical thinking skills”
and a process of discovery that encourages “lifelong learning.” Undergirding this approach to education is a
“constructivist” ideology that maintains that curriculum should be driven by
student experiential frame of reference and current interest, with teachers
acting as “facilitators” who guide young learners to sources of information
used to pursue individual and group projects.
Education reformers who work outside the
education establishment, in the world of private enterprise, identify the
purpose of education as preparation for the marketplace. These reformers, either explicitly or
implicitly dissatisfied with the public schools, emphasize an educational
transformation whereby high school graduates will possess the math, reading,
writing, technological, and industrial skills necessary to succeed in college,
university, and workplace settings. They
want high school, college, and university graduates to be prepared for
performing tasks pertinent to well-paying jobs capable of maintaining
economically viable nuclear families.
The purpose of education identified by
education professors is intellectually impoverished. The purpose of education identified by
reformers from the world of private enterprise is insufficient.
The approach of education professors is a
smokescreen for their own intellectual lassitude and for the insufficient
knowledge base of the putative educators whom they produce.
I ask my students in the New Salem Educational
Initiative all the time to think analytically about the reasons for Hamlet’s
dithering once he vowed to revenge his father’s death; about the relative claims of the Palestinians
and the Israelis to territory that each considers theirs as a matter religious
and historical right; about federal
budgetary priorities that must be made when considering outlays for defense,
Medicare, Medicaid, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), physical
infrastructure; about the roots of rock
and roll in blues, rhythm and blues, jazz, and country; about the distinguishing elements of
classical, romantic, and baroque music;
about whether the goals sought by the African American Northern
Migration were fulfilled; about the
comparative styles of Arthur Miller and August Wilson--- and on and on with application of analytical
processes to the world of knowledge.
They come alive when I ask them to give their viewpoints about such
matters. They typically have not been
asked to give well-reasoned views at school.
By no means have our students generally been asked to “think
critically.”
And the projects that they have pursued, so as
supposedly to follow their passions and prepare themselves for “lifelong
learning,” are inevitably done without proper academic context. Their teachers facilitate their quest for
information by pointing them toward websites, on which they yank down
information for which they have little background in assessing value and
pertinence. A student may conduct an
African American History Month project in February on Frederick McGee (a St.
Paul attorney of the early 20th century who was a colleague of W. E.
B. Dubois and others in the Niagara Movement) may have no sense of the people
and issues that led to the founding of the NAACP, or of the circumstances in
Minneapolis-St. Paul that drove McGee’s own activism. A student may lunge into a project on the
Cold War with no background as to what communism actually means in theory and
practice, or how a figure such as Joseph Stalin was an ally against fascism and
Nazism but an enemy in the struggle for postwar international influence. Students may grab books for sessions known as
DEAR (Drop Everything And Read), making selections from mediocre volumes available
in their classrooms but never gaining fascination with majestic children’s
literature such as Winnie the Pooh, “The People Could Fly,” or poetic visions of Dakota origins.
The notion that our children are gaining
critical thinking skills or that they are being prepared for lifelong learning
is a charade. They lack the knowledge
base upon which critical analysis must proceed, and the projects that they
pursue under flimsy guidance are done in such haphazard fashion and with such
little respect for the requisite body of contextualizing information that they
gain no practice in conducting authentic research or in the systematic quest
for knowledge that lifelong learning would entail. This disrespect for research extends through
high school. I have students in the New
Salem Educational Initiative at all levels K-12; rarely has a student at any level learned in
classes at her or his school how to do proper citations, whether internal
citations, footnotes, or endnotes.
The purposes of education lie in cultural
enrichment, civic preparation, and professional satisfaction upon receipt of a
knowledge-intensive, skill-replete education, imparted by knowledgeable and
pedagogically gifted teachers to students of all demographic descriptors.
The sentence immediately positioned above packs
a book into one line.
Details will be observed in the next articles in this
series.
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